Disaster Management
Contents :
- Understanding Disasters
- Classification of Disasters
- Disaster Management
- Phases of Disaster Management
Understanding Disasters
As per the Disaster Management Act, 2005 A disaster is a catastrophe,mishap,calamity or grave occurence from natural or man-made causes which is beyond the coping capacity of the affected community.
Classification of Disasters
Disasters are of two types i,e Natural Disasters or Man-made Disasters
Natural Disasters: Disasters caused by floods, droughts,tidal waves and earth tremors are generally considered as Natural Disasters.
Man-made Disasters: Disasters caused by chemicals or industrial accidents, environmental pollutions, transport activities and political unrest are known as man-made Disasters.
Disaster Management:
The efforts of Government, communities or businesses to plan for and coordinate all personel and materials to either mitigate the effects of or recover from. Natural or man-made Disasters is known as Disaster Management.
Phases Of Disaster Management
Prevention: Preventive Measures are taken on both the domestic and international levels.
Particularly Natural Disasters can be Prevented but the risk of life and injury can be mitigated with good evacuation plans, environmental planning and design standards.
Mitigation:An assessment of possible risks to person's health and property.Steos taken to minimise the effects of a disaster.e.g in earthquake prone areas,these preventive measures might include structural changes such as the installation of an earthquake valve to instantly shut off the natural gas supply, seismic retrofits of property and securing of items inside a building by mounting of furniture, refrigerators,water heaters and breakables to the walls and the addition of cabinet latches.
Preparedness: Focuses on preparing equipment and procedures for use when a disaster occurs . Generally it involves construction of shelters, implementation of an emergency communication system, installation of warning devices,creation of backup life line and rehearsing evacuation plans.
Response: This phase may commence with search and rescue but in all cases the focus quickly turns to fulfilling the basic humanitarian needs of the affected population.
Recovery: The recovery phase starts after the immediate threat to human life has subsided.The immediate goal of this phase is to bring the affected area back to normalcy as quick as possible.
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